Closed shop or Union
Shops
A closed
shop is a form of union
security agreement under
which the employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at
all times in order to remain employed.
International
Labour Organization covenants
do not address the legality of closed shop provisions, leaving the question up
to each individual nation. The legal status of closed shop agreements varies
widely from country to country, ranging from bans on the agreement to extensive
regulation of the agreement to not mentioning it at all.
Checkoff
A checkoff
is a bookkeeping mechanism which provides for regular payment of an obligation
such as union dues or a tax on sales of agricultural goods which finance a
generic commodity marketing program such as such as the commodity
checkoff programs mandated
by the United
States Department of Agriculture to promote sales of milk, beef, or soybeans.
Picketing (protest)
Picketing
is a form of protest in which people (called picketers)
congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is
taking place. Often, this is done in an attempt to dissuade others from going
in ("crossing the picket line"), but it can also be done to
draw public attention to a cause. Picketers normally endeavor to be non-violent. It can have a number of aims, but
is generally to put pressure on the party targeted to meet particular demands.
This pressure is achieved by harming the business through loss of customers and
negative publicity, or by discouraging or preventing workers from entering the
site and thereby preventing the business from operating normally.
Picketing
is a common tactic used by trade unions during strikes, who will try to prevent dissident
members of the union, members of other unions and non-unionised workers from
working. Those who cross the picket line and work despite the strike are known
pejoratively as scabs.
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